{"id":857,"date":"2020-06-17T04:10:09","date_gmt":"2020-06-17T02:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/?page_id=857"},"modified":"2025-09-08T19:50:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T17:50:53","slug":"mtb-o-discipline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/mtb-o-discipline\/","title":{"rendered":"MTB – O discipl\u00edn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Horsk\u00e1 kola MTB<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1vody na horsk\u00fdch kolech se z cyklistick\u00fdch discipl\u00edn objevily jako posledn\u00ed. Vznikly v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed v Kalifornii (USA) a vyv\u00edjely se cel\u00e1 80. l\u00e9ta. V roce 1990 se konalo prvn\u00ed mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta. Popularita tohoto sportu rychle rostla a v roce 1996 byl za\u0159azen do programu olympijsk\u00fdch her. A\u010dkoliv m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik discipl\u00edn, v ka\u017ed\u00e9 jde hlavn\u011b o sklouben\u00ed techniky a fyzick\u00e9 s\u00edly jezdce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discipl\u00edny horsk\u00fdch kol<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cross country Olympic<\/strong> (XCO)  jak s\u00e1m n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, jedn\u00e1 se o jedinou olympijskou discipl\u00ednu mezi MTB z\u00e1vody. Jezd\u00ed se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na vybudovan\u00fdch uzav\u0159en\u00fdch okruz\u00edch, na nezpevn\u011bn\u00fdch lesn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch a singletrac\u00edch o d\u00e9lce okolo 4km. Trat\u011b jsou v\u017edy dopln\u011bny o n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdjezdy, prudk\u00e9 sjezdy a technick\u00e9 sekce. V posledn\u00edch letech je n\u00e1ro\u010dnost t\u011bchto sekc\u00ed opravdu extr\u00e9mn\u00ed. Jezdci se mus\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi rockgardeny, \u010dlenit\u00fdmi a intenzivn\u00edmi sjezdy. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto sekc\u00ed ale m\u00e1 zpravidla tzv. chickenway \u2013 tedy obj\u00edzdnou trasu. Na t\u00e9 jedete sice \u201ena jistotu\u201c ale v\u017edy ztrat\u00edte p\u00e1r cenn\u00fdch vte\u0159in. Jezdci z\u00e1vod\u00ed na dan\u00fd po\u010det kol. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cross country Elimin\u00e1tor<\/strong> (XCE) je dynamick\u00fd, ak\u010dn\u011b nabit\u00fd z\u00e1vod, ve kter\u00e9m spolu sprintuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i jezdci v rozj\u00ed\u017e\u010fk\u00e1ch na kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch, technick\u00fdch trat\u00edch s p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami. Tato discipl\u00edna je velmi div\u00e1cky atraktivn\u00ed. Do hlavn\u00edho z\u00e1vodu se kvalifikuje 32 nejrychlej\u0161\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f a 16 \u017een. Nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed dva jezdci se syst\u00e9mem “pavouka\u201c kvalifikuj\u00ed do dal\u0161\u00edho kola, dokud nez\u016fstanou pouze \u010dty\u0159i jezdci, kte\u0159\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed ve fin\u00e1le o prvenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cross country maraton<\/strong> (XCM) je z\u00e1vod s hromadn\u00fdm startem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f. Z\u00e1vody se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed trati dlouh\u00e9 alespo\u0148 60km. D\u00e9lka z\u00e1vodu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 4 hodiny. Bikov\u00e9 marathony v sob\u011b kloub\u00ed jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vyzkou\u0161et si na nezpevn\u011bn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch z\u00e1vody spolu s profesion\u00e1ln\u00edmi cyklisty, porovnat s nimi sv\u00e9 s\u00edly a vytrvalost. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b porovnat svou v\u00fdkonnost s cyklisty z va\u0161eho klubu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cross-country Short Track (XCC)<\/strong> ve sv\u011bt\u011b z\u00e1vod\u016f MTB je nejen nejmlad\u0161\u00ed, ale i jedn\u00edm z nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u2013 jak pro z\u00e1vodn\u00edky, tak pro fanou\u0161ky. Velmi podobn\u011b jako 4X nebo Elimin\u00e1tor. P\u0159edstaven byl teprve v roce 2018, ale za tu dobu si vydobyl velk\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a z p\u016fvodn\u011b dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 discipl\u00edny se stal jedn\u00edm z div\u00e1cky nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1vod\u016f. Short Track tak nab\u00edz\u00ed ve\u0161kerou taktickou propracovanost a souboje kolo na kolo jako jeho “star\u0161\u00ed bratr” Cross-country Olympic (XCO), ale odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 se na podstatn\u011b krat\u0161\u00edm okruhu a s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem kol. V\u00fdsledek? Maxim\u00e1ln\u011b zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9, extr\u00e9mn\u011b rychl\u00e9 cross-country z\u00e1vod\u011bn\u00ed s \u010dast\u00fdmi dramatick\u00fdmi momenty.\u00a0XCC je, stejn\u011b jako XCO, z\u00e1vodem s hromadn\u00fdm startem. Zkr\u00e1cen\u00edm jak d\u00e9lky trat\u011b, tak celkov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti z\u00e1vodu vznik\u00e1 vysoce intenzivn\u00ed cross-country z\u00e1vod. M\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee to je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0b\u011bhem, velmi intenzivn\u00ed sprint. Trat\u011b jsou tvo\u0159eny z \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00fdch XCO okruh\u016f, ale jejich d\u00e9lka je sn\u00ed\u017eena na 1\u20132 km. Obvykle jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b technicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00e9n\u011b strm\u00fdch kamenit\u00fdch sekc\u00ed), aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost a v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed k p\u0159edj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 tedy v\u00edce akce.\u00a0Po\u010det kol je stanoven tak, aby cel\u00fd z\u00e1vod trval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 minut. V\u011bt\u0161inou je XCC za\u0159ezan\u00e9ho tak, \u017ee z\u00e1vodn\u00edci bojuj\u00ed o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 startovn\u00ed pozice pro ned\u011bln\u00ed XCO z\u00e1vod a tak\u00e9 o body do celkov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enduro<\/strong> (END) je nejmlad\u0161\u00ed discipl\u00ednou MTB. T\u011b\u0161\u00ed se v\u0161ak v posledn\u00edch letech obrovsk\u00e9 popularit\u011b. Z\u00e1vody se jedou na n\u011bkolik m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch, z 95% sjezdov\u00fdch technick\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f \u2013 tzv. RZ. N\u011bkter\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee dosahuj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dasti z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e nut\u00ed organiz\u00e1tory volit trat\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b ter\u00e9nn\u00ed. Z\u00e1vod\u016f t\u00e9to discipl\u00edny je ji\u017e tolik, \u017ee existuje n\u011bkolik enduro seri\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 bu\u010f zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed jednotn\u00fd styl organizace z\u00e1vod\u016f, nebo ve kter\u00fdch alespo\u0148 boduj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky do celkov\u00e9ho po\u0159ad\u00ed cel\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sjezd<\/strong> (DH) je vysoce adrenalinov\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Jezd\u00ed se na ryze specializovan\u00fdch sjezdov\u00fdch trat\u00edch, v\u011bt\u0161inou v ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u0159edisc\u00edch. Tyto trat\u011b jsou dopln\u011bny o lavice, m\u016fstky, skoky, p\u0159ejezdy a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a um\u011bl\u00e9 rock gardeny. Jejich technick\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost je opravdu v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech extr\u00e9mn\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1vodn\u00edk se sna\u017e\u00ed zajet co nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das, o kter\u00e9m zde rozhoduj\u00ed mnohdy i setiny vte\u0159iny. Velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je v\u00fdb\u011br pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\u016f a odpru\u017een\u00ed, stejn\u011b tak jako p\u0159esn\u00e1 j\u00edzda. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, ale v\u017edy technick\u00e1 zdatnost jednotliv\u00fdch z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f. V z\u00e1vodech mu\u017e\u016f dosahuj\u00ed z\u00e1vodn\u00edci rychlosti a\u017e kolem 80 km \/ h a u \u017een 70 km \/ h. Div\u00e1cky se jedn\u00e1 op\u011bt o jednu z atraktivn\u00edch discipl\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Four-cross<\/strong> (4X) je z\u00e1vod, kdy sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i jezdci najednou ve sjezdu na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 trati se skoky, p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami a klopen\u00fdmi zat\u00e1\u010dkami. Z\u00e1kladem pro v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed je v\u011bt\u0161inou startovn\u00ed reakce v br\u00e1n\u011b, proto\u017ee na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b trat\u00ed se t\u011b\u017ece p\u0159edj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed. Jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed je \u010dekat na soupe\u0159ovu chybu nebo naj\u00edt lep\u0161\u00ed stopu v zat\u00e1\u010dce \u010di na p\u0159eskoku. Trat\u011b jsou podobn\u00e9 bikrosov\u00fdm, ale vedou pouze z kopce.  Z\u00e1vody na nich jsou je\u0161t\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na BMX trat\u00edch. Z\u00e1vody 4X \u010dasto b\u00fdvaj\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1vod\u016f ve sjezdu \u2013 oboj\u00ed vy\u017eaduje kombinaci rychl\u00e9 j\u00edzdy, dobr\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kola a sebev\u011bdom\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trial<\/strong> je discipl\u00edna, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 jezdec p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u00ed svou rovnov\u00e1hu, pevn\u00e9 nervy a \u0161ikovnost. Sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed se ve t\u0159ech t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch pro kola velk\u00e1 20 palc\u016f (velikost kola od 18\u201d do 23 \u201d), 26 palc\u016f (velikost kola od 24\u201d do 26 \u201d) a open class (voln\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br velikosti kola, mezi 18 \u201da 26\u201d). Z\u00e1vodn\u00edci maj\u00ed za \u00fakol zdolat \u0159adu p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, ani\u017e by se nohou dotkli zem\u011b. Tato discipl\u00edna se velmi podob\u00e1 a prol\u00edn\u00e1 do trialu motorov\u00e9ho. K vid\u011bn\u00ed jsou baletn\u00ed man\u00e9vry jako nadsko\u010den\u00ed s kolem, j\u00edzda po jednom kole nebo st\u00e1n\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b. Hodnot\u00ed se jezdc\u016fv styl, dovednost a n\u00e1paditost. Za doteky nohou se ud\u011bluj\u00ed trestn\u00e9 body.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Horsk\u00e1 kola MTB Z\u00e1vody na horsk\u00fdch kolech se z cyklistick\u00fdch discipl\u00edn objevily jako posledn\u00ed. Vznikly v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed v Kalifornii (USA) a vyv\u00edjely se cel\u00e1 80. l\u00e9ta. V roce 1990 se konalo prvn\u00ed mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta. Popularita tohoto sportu rychle rostla a v roce 1996 byl za\u0159azen do programu olympijsk\u00fdch her. A\u010dkoliv m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik discipl\u00edn, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34413,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"disciplina-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-857","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=857"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35073,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/857\/revisions\/35073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechcyclingfederation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}